Awareness and Attitude of Radiographers Towards Protection

Awareness and Attitude of Radiographers Towards ProtectionNor Atiqah Binti Mohd Fouzi look into glossAwareness and attitude of radiographers towards radioactivity defensePROBLEM STATEMENTThe enclosure radioactivity syndrome covers a wide spectrum of different forms of energy, most of which oblige been suspect to ca intent ill health to human-beings (Mubeen et al., 2008). The usage of ionizing shaft of light in symptomatic radiography may lead to hazards such(prenominal) as somatic and familial damages. In addition to the use of ionizing radiation for diagnosis could be have slight chances of damage to living tissues. The effectuate of lowly level painting to ionizing radiation are of a concern to large number of raft. For usage radioscopy department has the potential to present the harmful make of radiation (Mojiri and Moghimbeigi, 2011). Thus Personal hold dearion devices is an important way to address the as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) requirement in radiog raphy. However, its use relies on the attitudes of radiographer to consistently adhere to professional conduct requirements relating to the application of protection devices especi completelyy for lead apron, thyroid shield, gonad shield, radiation sign, lead paw and lead goggles (MacKay et al., 2012). Awareness and knowledge of application protection guidelines and instruments among radioscopy technicians is vital to shake a line a galosh doingplace. Compliance with cultivate and safe radiation protection answers can reduce these risks. The protective measures provided are implemented, to ensure that the risks associated with the use of symptomatic ionizing radiation can be reduced.Therefore, the effect of radiation to the patient or the person responsible for the use of radiation would affix the risk of harm to them. Thus this research intended to answer the question, does radiographer aware(predicate) of radiation protection and its attitude toward radiation protection?O BJECTIVESGeneral object lensThe objective of this research to assess the sentience and attitude of radiographers on radiation protection at medical imaging department.Specific objectivesTo evaluate awareness regarding radiation refuge among radiographers.To evaluate personal practices regarding the use of protection devices among radiographers.RESEARCH HYPHOTHESIS surmisal 1Null Hypothesis The radiographers with low level of work experiences had less knowledge near adverse effects due of radiation. pick Hypothesis The radiographers with high level of work experiences had to a greater extent knowledge closely adverse effects due of radiation.Hypothesis 2Null Hypothesis The radiographers with low level of education had less personal practice regarding the use of protection devices.Alternative Hypothesis The radiographers with high level of education had just personal practice regarding the use of protection devices.LITERATURE REVIEWradiological examinations are an essential tool for the evaluation of many disorders in unremarkable practice. Ionizing radiation in medical imaging is one of the powerful diagnostic tools in medicine. Radiation which is applied in radioscopy departments has hazardous effects on biological systems. They produce some type of injury that is incurable. Although all in all medical interventions have potential benefits, but its potential risks should not be ignored. The cancers risks arise with radiation have been known. Ionizing radiation may effects on gastrointestinal system, central nervous system, gonads or even whole body. These effects may appear as somatic effects or in next generation as genetic effects (Mojiri and Moghimbeigi, 2011).Doses of whatever order of magnitude are assumed by International Commission on radiological Protection (ICRP) to be able to induce what are referred to as stochastic effects such as cancers and hereditary disorders (Yucel et al., 2009). Dose-dependent effects are called as deterministic effe cts that may be responsible for teratogenicity in diagnostic radiology. These effects are besides useful for cancer therapy. Radiation therapy uses high-potential radiation to shrink tumors and kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy is sometimes accustomed with curative intent that is, with the hope that the treatment entrust cure a cancer, either by eliminating a tumor, preventing cancer recurrence, or both (Yucel et al., 2009). To sully the probability of stochastic effects and prevent deterministic effects, the practice of radiology is guided by the radiation protection framework established by the ICRP.One of the important principles of this framework is that of optimization, meaning the use of as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) back breaker with turn out compromising the quality of the image. Optimization, therefore, involves strategies to wield the radiation dose to the patient (Seeram et al., 2013). In addition, a common condition was the use of automatic photo con trol (AEC) and the measurement of constant legal dose, and the use of a dose-area product (DAP) meter (Warlow et al., 2014). Many studies showed that knowledge active ionizing radiation was insufficient among radiographer and physicians who requested radiological procedures, even radiologists who should have had more information than non-radiologists (Yucel et al., 2009).Radiation protection is the science and art of protecting people and the environment from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation. It is also described as all activities directed towards minimizing radiation exposure of patients and personnel during x-ray exposure. Thus occupational radiation protection is necessity whenever radiation is employ in the practice of medicine. Occupational radiation protection measures are necessary for all individuals who work in the diagnostic imaging departments. This includes not unless technologists and nurses, but also individuals who may be in a radiation environment only o ccasionally. either of these individuals may be considered radiation workers, depending on their level of exposure and on national regulations.All workers require appropriate monitoring perpetually by common personnel dosimeters like film badge and thermo radiance dosimeter. They must also receive education and training appropriate to their jobs and protect by tools and equipment. The amount of absorbed dose is link up to exposure factors such as kV/ potential difference and mA/ intensity of the transfer and time. Personnel protective devices applied for the employee to work safely with the construction of a dose reduction of exposure to personnel. Moreover development and refinement of canonic safety standards has a great important role to protect radiology staffs. The level of awareness concerning with radiation protection influences in staff appearance is important. If they have not enough information related to mentioned issue, their action give not be safe and resulted to adverse effects (Mojiri and Moghimbeigi, 2011).METHODOLOGY reading DesignStudy design get out be the cross-sectional get word in which the information gather from at least 40 respondents, promiscuously pick and leave alone be analyzed. Time is provided to them to answer all of the questions in the questionnaire and they need to return back the questionnaire after they finished answering it. All of the data that get from the questionnaires is considered as confidential and all the data leave behind key-in to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of radiographers towards radiation protection.Study SettingThis oeuvre lead be conducted at the hospital will be my practical. try out Design and Sample SizeIn this sight, a sample plectron of 40 radiographers who have answered the designated questionnaire will be randomly taken out from the target population.Inclusion criteriaAll radiographer who work in that hospital.Exclusion criteriaclinical students.Research FlowData Collection ProceduresThe data collection of 40 respondents will be collected using questionnaires. Radiographers are given questionnaires. They will be asked to fill up the questionnaire. The questionnaire will be asses their awareness regarding radiation safety and their personal practices regarding the use of these protection devices.In producing the questionnaires, I fitting the questionnaires from the previous theatre which are Takakuwa et al., 2010, Baumann et al, 2011, Sin et al., 2012 Larson et al., 2007. The questionnaires were divided into two sections. The questionnaire has principally two parts with various questions around radiation protection and safety related to staff and patients. The first part contained information about demographic data like age, sex, work experiences and etc. The second section was about awareness and attitude of employees around protection acts, protection device and dose limit.All the data and details then will be gather using the standard interlin gual rendition of SPSS version 18.0 for windows will be utilise in a statistical analysis. Data analyzed by khi jog and Fisher exact tests to detect affinity between monotonous data.7.6 Research ToolsThis convey will use hand-out questionnaires in order to arrive at data from respondents. Participants for this research are selected when they had finished doing a case related to medical imaging and research done during radiographer have free time. The manipulate of questionnaires set for response are attached in Appendix 1.7.7 statistical ConsiderationThe data will be analyzed using SPSS version 18.0. All the data from the data collection form will be gathered to and key in into this software. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages were used to show the relative proportion of radiographer selecting given answers for each question. Chi square and Fisher exact tests will be used to detect relationship between categorical data.ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONResearch qu estions pursued in this study are relevant to important health care issues. This study also justified based on the potential scientific set of its results. Statistical procedures to be carried out during this study will be appropriate, and will not be used to manipulate the data just to get significant results. This final result of this study will be produce in a thorough and honesty during reporting.Data information that will collect from the respondent will be private and confidential. Approval for this study will be sought from the Faculty of Health Science, MARA University of Technology, which is associated with imaginativeness Diagnostic Department at the hospital that I would practically then. Furthermore, researchers will complete and sign the application of research ethics to be authorize by the Faculty of Health Sciences, MARA University of Technology, to declare that the research has been even to ethical principles. A copy of the proposal and agreement of the investiga tion will be included. Head of department and institution approval will defer personally to the respective institutional by the researcher for approval.BUDGETThe computer science of estimated budget for this research includes the travelling cost, printing cost, and photocopy. Below is the table of the estimating cost. dining table 1 Estimated Cost of the ProjectPROPOSED TIME FRAME FOR THE PROJECTA Gantt chart is a planning tool that shows graphically the order in which various tasks must be completed and the duration of each activity. number at table 2 below on the planning of the study to be conducted.Table 2 Gants Chart of the Project