The Reconstruction essays

The Reconstruction essays After any fight or dispute things dont go to being perfect just because the conflict is ended. After the civil war the U.S. as a whole was at unrest. Sure the North had beaten the South, but still a plan was needed for the future of the South. Throughout the reconstruction period, 3 plans were proposed: Lincolns plan, Johnsons plan, and the Radical Republican plan. Each was different but they all had similarities. Lincolns plan, which was the first proposed reconstruction plan, was issued in 1863. His plan offered a pardon to any confederate that would swear to support the constitution and the union. Once a group of people in a conquered state equal to one tenth the states total votes took an oath to abolish slavery, Lincoln granted them executive recognition. Although his plan angered radical republicans because it was to forgiving, Lincoln kept with it. He didnt wan to punish the South as much as get the country back into order. The Wade Davis Bill was passed, but then it was pocket vetoed by Lincoln. The Wade Davis Bill required 50 percent of a states male voters to take an ironclad oath that they had never voluntarily supported the union. Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865 for his anti slavery movements. Following Lincolns assassination, Johnson who was pushed forward to the Vice President at that time took over as the President of the US. Johnson, although a little bit stricter than Lincoln, gave pardons to any of whom took an oath, although Johnson did not give pardons to high ranking confederate officials. In order to be readmitted to the US, a state had to abolish slavery. Finally a state had to repeal its succession in order to be readmitted to the union. By forcing a impeachment upon Johnson, although it didnt pass, Johnson was no longer a strong voice in what went on. The Radical Republicans gai ...

national debate over slavery essays

national debate over slavery essays The National Debate over Slavery in 17 -1860 was important. Events from the cotton gin, to the Dred Scott case all played an important roll in slavery and history. Here are a couple more. In June 1776 the Declaration of Independence was signed. It was a statement of reasons for the separation between Britain. The declaration sited that "all men are created equal." It meant that people shouldnt be judged by the color of their skin nor their religion. Throughout the whole declaration, amendments have been added to make the world more equal. For example, the fifteenth amendment granted African American males the right to vote, and then in 1920 the nineteenth amendment granted women the right to vote. African Americans could not help in the Declaration of Independence. The three-fifths compromise was at the constitutional convention. It called for three fifths of a states slave population to be counted for purposes of representation. If slaves were to be included in a state population count, the southern sates with their many slaves, would go into great power in the House of Representatives. If they were counted, southern states would be weak in the house. The African Americans still werent allowed to vote and their interests wouldnt be represented in congress. In 1793, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin. He had noticed how long it took to clean cotton seeds from the cotton fibers. The cotton gin was a machine that separated the seeds from raw cotton fibers. Thus the cotton gin helped keep the southern states a land of slavery and of farming, while the northern states became a land of free labor and of industry. The development of the cotton mill industry in the north was cheap cotton which equaled free labor which than equaled a huge profit for the companies. The Missouri Compromise was signed into law in 1820. It is also called The Compromise of 1820. It had two main points. First ...

Court system in England and Wales Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Court system in England and Wales - Essay Example This provides the judge with an opportunity to grow his knowledge and expertise on the basis of the experience of hearing similar cases; this has supported his understanding of and familiarity with the subject matter. This procedure has saved out the time required by the previous judges to educate themselves for the variety of cases, the fundamental benefit of Specialist court is that it has reduced the duration of hearings, and reduced the costs for litigants, courts, and administrative staff. The procedure will develop the command and affiliation of a particular judge towards a particular issue and reference, the fact that the specialist judge is familiar with the particular area of law has frequently enabled the court to resolve and reach the conclusion at an early stage, through case management at a directions hearing, to ensure that only the core issues are pursued, and thus the reduction in the number of issues can be expected. (Graeme C. Moodie. The Government of Great Britain . 1961. Crowell. pp.241) The strong and comprehensive understanding of the respective judges with the case material has ensured greater consistency in the decision making phase, and the outcome of the proceedings is more predictable. This is especially important in certain fields, such as family law, where the ultimate decision usually requires the exercise of a discretionary judgment. The practice has resulted in the uniformity of decisions and verdicts; the uniformity of the decision is expected to further improve by judges having a collegiate association with each other. The consistency of the decision is required especially in family cases, where the court's decision may well impact forcefully on the parties. If such consistency of the decision is not reflected by the court, it is feared that people and families will develop lack of confidence in the court system, and subsequently the court's authority will dilute. (Edward Cazalet. Specialised courts: Are they a "quick fix" or a long-term improvement in the quality of justice A Case Study. 5th March, 2001) DEVELOPMENT OF CORPS OF SPECIALIST ADVOCATES The Court system of England and Wales, has recommended the establishment of Specialized Court, provided that there is sufficient amount of work, which will be followed by the development of a corps of specialist advocates. The purpose and existence of the court is compulsory, so as to assist and support the running court. Furthermore, the practice of the specialist court will enable the newly appointees of specialized court in identification of the important issues relevant to the case, and thereby give to the parties concerned a more informed prognosis about the outcome of the case. The Court system has further reduced the caseload of generalist courts, which are often overburdened. The specialist court is responsible for relieving the general court in case, a new legislation in particular field require thorough interpretation by the court. The specialist court is also responsible for ensuring that the mainstream of litigation is not impeded. (Philip Norton. The British Polity. 1984. Longman. pp.152) INCREASED MOMENTUM OF LITIGATION The adopted Court system has resulted in the increased momentum of litigation and saved costs. According to reports, the benefits of case management through the family court have been seen

Epistemology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Epistemology - Assignment Example Empirical form of knowledge can determine truth based on the actual experience of an individual through events or things that happen around the environment. b.) EMPIRICAL claims there are the four different theories concerning the determination of the truth of empirical claims: Correspondence theory of truth Coherence theory Pragmatist theory Scientific Theory Describe each of these four theories for proving empirical claims to be true. Explain each one. Do not simply list them. Describe them and explain them. This will take more than one sentence for each one. Correspondence theory is an empirical theory of truth that was espoused by Aristotle that holds that truth is what propositions are consequent to a way things in the world are. In other words, this theory claims that a proposition is true as long as there are present and existing facts that correspond to it. Coherence theory accounts for a proposition’s truth that occurs from an association between that proposition and another proposition. In that way, coherence theory will assert that a proposition is true if it fits together and coheres with any other related proposition. Pragmatic theory holds that a proposition is true if it is practical to accept as true.  This concept of truth was formed by the American Pragmatic philosophers such as C.S Peirce, William James and John Dewey who believed that the mark of truth is based on its practical utility above anything else. Beliefs that result to the best outcomes, are justified best from actions, that advance practical achievement, are held as  truths. Scientific truth hold that knowledge can only be sought ascertained through various scientific methods or operations that can lessen the chances of uncertainty since it is generally held by scientists that truth at best can is only approximate and never absolute. For the scientific theory, the method on reaching a close-to-certain result is just as important as the outcome itself. For if a method is based on opinion alone, it would be considered nothing more than just subjective bias. 2.) Critical Thinking c.) What do you think of the theory that there can be simultaneous multiple truths concerning claims? Concerning all types of claims? Does it apply to claims that are semantic, systemic, logical or empirical? Comment on each type. Can there be multiple truths for each type of claim? For any type of claim? Please indicate your familiarity with the readings in your answer -this means use some quotations to support your answers. Subjectivism and Relativism would claim that there are various points of views regarding a certain truth. The reason due to this is because there are different situations and circumstances that happen that are sometimes overlooked, whether intentionally or unintentionally, by the objective forms of knowledge. This could also apply to semantic, systemic, logical and empirical forms of knowledge. Semantic knowledge is knowledge that is the result of learn ing the meaning of words which the knowledge of words is knowledge of definitions, and such definitions are set in dictionaries (Pecorino, â€Å"An Introduction to Philosophy†). It should be taken into consideration that there are various languages around the world, and each language has their own rules or way of inferring

Dietary Supplements Report Essay Example for Free

Dietary Supplements Report Essay Dietary supplements are products intended for ingestion as supplements to the diet. Dietary supplements can have vitamins, herbs, enzymes, extracts, plant substances, amino acids, botanicals, and concentrates. Supplements are beneficial to the body because they can enhance the nutrients in foods, aid in weight loss, provide energy, cure illnesses, optimize health, and protect against diseases. If a person does not consume enough nutrients because of a disease or eating habits dietary supplements are extremely beneficial. There are certain groups that benefit most from dietary supplements; pregnant women, vegetarians, dieters, and the elderly. An increase of folic acid and iron is needed to reduce the risk of defects and prevent anemia. Vegetarians should take vitamin B12 because they do not eat animal foods which contain more vitamin B12 than any other food source. If a person eats less than 1200 calories when on a diet, they will not get the amount of nutrients needed. If dieters take a multi-vitamin they will meet the daily recommendations for nutrients. Anyone over the age of 50 should take calcium, Vitamin D, and B12 to maintain a healthy life. Calcium and vitamin D will help keep the bones strong, lower blood pressure, and prevent diseases like osteoporosis and multiple sclerosis. Vitamin B12 will promote heart health and fight fatigue. There are many risks when taking dietary supplements. Dietary supplements are not regulated or tested by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for side effects before they are available to consumers (â€Å"The skinny on dietary supplements,† 2008). Dietary supplements are also harmful because they contain chemicals that can be harmful. Some supplements contain non-essential hormones and enzymes. Dietary supplements may cause medications, over-the-counter or prescribed, to work differently or not at all. When taking any supplement it is important to read the label and ask a physician before taking the supplement to reduce chances of toxicity. Many people think dietary supplements provide all the nutrients needed to support a healthy diet; they are only part of a ealthy diet (Grosvenor, 2006). As stated earlier, the government does not regulate dietary supplements as they do other foods and drugs (U. S. Food and Drug Administration: Dietary Supplements, 2013). In 1994 the government created the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA). The act states manufacturers are responsible for ensuring the product is safe before it is put on the market. If the product is unsafe after it is on the market the FDA is respon sible for taking action to correct the issue. The FDA is responsible for providing product information and literature. It is the manufacturer’s responsibility to ensure all ingredients are listed on the labels of the product and the information is true. The manufacturer has to submit reports for any supplement that has any type of negative reaction. The FDA implemented a Dietary Supplement Current Good Manufacturing Practice (CGMPs) that all personnel in the company must follow to ensure quality control. Supplements are needed by people with life-threatening diseases like kidney failure. People that have kidney failure, depending on the type of dialysis they use, peritoneal or hemodialysis. Peritoneal dialysis uses osmosis and diffusion through the peritoneal cavity to remove waste and fluid; this process causes a lack of potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus. Hemodialysis uses an artificial kidney to remove wastes and fluids from the blood; this process causes a lack of phosphorus, iron, and epogen. The common bond between both types of dialysis is the lack of phosphorus. Phosphorus supplements are used to strengthen the bones of dialysis patients, prevent renal bone disease, and keep the heart healthy. The dose varies from patient to patient, depending on the food intake. If the patient does not take the prescribed dose they experience many different effects. If too much of the phosphorus supplement is ingested, itching will occur. If not enough phosphorus is ingested, weakness will occur and bones will begin to get brittle causing them to break.

Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451 and Modern World Essay -- Compare Contra

Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451 and Modern World The futuristic world that Ray Bradbury, author of Fahrenheit 451, so vividly describes is frighteningly close to our own. It might not seem so at first glance, but if you take a closer look, you'll find that Bradbury wasn't far off the mark with his idea of what our lives would be like in 50 years. As he envisioned, technology would be extremely sophisticated, families would start becoming distant, and entertainment would take a more significant role in our lives. The problems at the present might not be as extreme as Bradbury's, however, if left unchecked, they could grow to be just as monstrous as he predicted. Since the 1950's, scientists and engineers have made enormous advances in the world of technology. Back then, computers were still becoming common, and now pretty much every family has at least one. As technology becomes more widespread, people find excuses to buy more of it and become sucked into a world of digital screens, cell phones, and electronic planners, rather than that of notebooks, pencils, and good old-fashioned face-to-face conversations. Although it is tremendously useful in numerous ways, it is unsettling to think of how in-control technology is of our lives. Would you be able to last a whole day without using your telephone, operating your computer, listening to your CD's, or enjoying that nice warm beverage that's been heated by your microwave? The answer is probably no. Even though you might not think that technology has power over your life, if you look carefully, you'll find you're mistaken. Do you know what "family time" is? How often do you spend time with your family? Do you enjoy it? Would you rather be somewhere else?... ...uation would be extremely close to how Bradbury envisioned it. I think Ray Bradbury sums all this up in a quote from the book: "Life is immediate, the job counts, pleasure lies about after work. Why learn anything save pressing buttons, pulling switches, fitting nuts and bolts?" This shows that people are gradually thinking less and less. They want life to be easy. They want their technology; they want their entertainment. They don't want to be intellectually stimulated. We can still prevent our future from becoming like that of the book. How? The answer is extremely simple: Think. Use your brain for knowledge, not watching TV and playing video games. Read as many books as you can. Pay attention in school. Someday you'll be glad you did. As Isaac Asimov so wisely said, "If knowledge can create problems, it is not through ignorance that we can solve them.

Bibliography of Martin Luther King, Jr Essay

Martin Luther King, Jr. is s renowned civil right activities in the history of the United States.   He was born on January 15, 1929 in Atlanta Georgia[1].   Martin was born son to the famous Reverend Martin Luther King, Sr. and his mother was Alberta Williams King.   Initially he was named Michael King, Jr. but when the family visited Europe in 1934 which took them to Germany, his father decided to change their names to Martin in order to honor Martin Luther who was a German Protestant. King had an older sister Willie christen born in 1927 and also a younger brother Alfred Daniel born in 1930. His family was a Christian family and therefore in his early life, King was very active in the church affair.  Ã‚   He sang in the church choir at the 1939 premiere which was produced with the movie Gone with the wind. He joined Morehouse College by the time he was fifteen years but he skipped the ninth and the twelfth high school grades which means he left the school without formal graduation.   However he had a vision in education and he continued in the same school where he graduated from the Morehouse with a Bachelor of Arts in Sociology in 1948. He then enrolled in Crozer Theological Seminary where he graduated with a Bachelor of Divinity in 1951. He immediately began his doctoral studies specializing in Systematic theology in Boston University where he received a Doctor of Philosophy in 1955. Although a 1980s inquiry into his work found out that some of portions of his work were plagiarized, King’s dissertation is still considered as a one of the most important work in his academic scholarship. It still makes an intelligent contribution to the scholarly world.   In 1953 he married Coretta Scott on her mother’s house lawn and was blessed with four children including Yolanda Denise King, Martin Luther III, Dexter Scott, and Bernice Albertine. At the age of 25 he became a pastor in 1954 in Montgomery, Alabama. He became the youngest pastor of Dexter Avenue Baptist church. Before he died, martin Luther king is credited with having made a historical mark in the life of American people. He helped to organize the Southern Christian Leadership Conferences in 1957 and the Montgomery Bus boycott of 1955. He is also famed to this â€Å"I have a Dream† speech which was delivered on     the match on Washington. He has been established as one of the greatest orator in the history of the US. He was assassinated on 1968 when he had visited Memphis in Tennessee where he had gone to show solidarity with the Black sanitary public works employees who were on strike.   After delivering as speech on â€Å"I have been to the mountaintop†, he was shot in his room on April 4 1968 while standing on a balcony[2]. He was honored with a noble prize posthumously in 2004. Analysis of historical contribution of Martin Luther King Jr Martin Luther made a history contribution in his life.   As a Baptist he became involved in civil right movements during his early days in his pastoral career. He became the youngest person to receive the Noble Peace Prize owing to his work on segregation and racial discrimination by articulating for civil disobedience and the use of other non-violent means.   He took a religious stance in his approach to many issues affecting the American people. At the time of his death he had vowed to focus his efforts on eliminating poverty and opposition to the Vietnam War where he took a religious approach to the issues. King was influenced to civil rights activism by many people including Thurman who was a civil rights leader and a theologian, Gandhi and Rustin who advocated for civil rights through non-violent means, and many others. One of his greatest achievements was the Montgomery Bus Boycott which took place in 1955-56. This was a boycott that was aimed at eliminating racial segregation after a black woman Rosa Parks was arrested when she refused to comply with Jim Crow Law which required her to give her seat to a white man. King led the boycott which lasted for about 385 days and which saw the end of racial segregation on the Montgomery public bus. King was also very instrumental in founding the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957[3]. This group was created in order to harness the moral authority of the church which led to organizing of the power of black churches and conducted non-violent protests calling for civil rights reforms. King was the leader of the organization till he died.   King was an adherent of civil disobedience through the use of non-violent means. He organized several protests that called for equal rights among the blacks and ht white. His efforts convinced the whole America that civil right movement was the right vehicle that could bring  Ã‚   equity among all races in the great nation. Not even the efforts of the FBI to thwart his effort on  Ã‚   accusation of being used by communists deterred his work.   The marches organized by King eventually led to the recognition of the right of blacks with the passage of the Civil Right Act of 1964 and the Voting Right Acts of 1965. He is credited with having organized a successful march on Washington in 1963 which was aimed at expressing the job and freedom conditions of the black in the South.   It is during this match that he delivered his famous speech â€Å"I have a Dream† which gave hope to the black community of a good future life.   Throughout his life, King made great contribution to the cause of humanity. Bibliography Kirk, J. (2005). Martin Luther King Jr. London; Pearson Longman Nick, K. (2005). Judgment days: Lyndon Baines Johnson, Martin Luther King Jr and the laws that changed America.   Houghton Mifflin Book William, P. (2003). An act of state: The execution of Martin Luther King. Mercer University Press [1] Kirk, J. (2005). Martin Luther King Jr. London; Pearson Longman [2] William, P. (2003). An act of state: The execution of Martin Luther King. Mercer University Press [3] Nick, K. (2005). Judgment days: Lyndon Baines Johnson, Martin Luther King Jr and the laws that changed America.   Houghton Mifflin Book