Maya Lin - 918 Words

Maya Lin- Video Review What was the artist work about? Maya Lin is an architect and designer. Her work is very natural and simplistic, her designs are very simple but the content of her pieces of work are very deep. She is recognized for her landscape art. She expresses her work through objects she makes. This objects or architectural works she has done are all made so people all feel connected in the same way. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington Dc, are two black granite walls which are together linked and have engraved text in chronological order with the names of the men and women who gave up their live for this war. You see that she expresses the amount of sadness and depression in a simple black marble wall that represents†¦show more content†¦What I really like about her is for example in this two memorials she develops this architectural structures which are so simple but have a great amount of meaning such as the rounded table, while you go around the table you come to understand w hy equality is so important and the importance of this movement. For example in the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, there are two black granite walls, but the significance of it is that she wrote in a chronological order the people who died in this war; you as a watcher you get touched and sad because many innocent people were dying because a political decision that was taken place by a series of events done by the government. I enjoyed watching this video, because I was never interested in architectural sculptures and memorials, and at the end of the video I fond it very interesting. She makes these well-developed sculptures that are incredible to notify the amount of detail they have producing a great focal point and balance in each of her pieces. She makes her artwork very satisfying to watch and being a part of it; because you do not see this dramatic impact or something out of the regular you see something regular an object. An object that inspires you peace you can connect to her p ieces of art, because just by touching it or looking at it you understand the message of the piece. I also really love the way she uses natural essences to connect with the person and planetShow MoreRelatedEssay The Art of Maya Lin1593 Words   |  7 PagesMaya Lin is a driven and innovative artist of our time. Many of her works have been seen as controversial and received harsh criticism. She manages to trudge on. Her works express both an artistic and mathematical feel, somehow finding a beautiful marriage between. Her obsession with art and knowledge can be greatly attributed to her parents, as she was very successful at an early age. Her art career is one of many triumphs and breaking boundaries in the art world. Lin has a great love for natureRead MoreMinimalism, Maya Lin and Vietnam Memorial Essay1112 Words   |  5 PagesMinimalism, Maya Lin and Vietnam Memorial Discussion â€Å"Minimal art is characterized by its simplicity in both form and content, where personal expression is removed in order to achieve this. The intention of minimalist artists is to allow the audience to view a composition more intensely because the distractions of theme etc. have been removed†. Minimalism can be detected as early as the 18th century where the artist Goethe constructed an Alatar of Good Fortune that consisted of a stone sphere andRead MoreMaya Lin: Planning to Design the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington DC762 Words   |  4 Pagessacrifice and great achievements. A contributing factor that agencies and groups should consider when building a monument is the purpose. When Maya Lin, an architect, was planning to design the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington DC, she believed that the use of names was a way to bring back everything someone could remember about a person (Source G). Lin decided to choose names rather than photos or pictures because visual arts will not be able to describe what every veteran has done during theRead MoreEssay about Unique Design of the Vietnam War Memorial885 Words   |  4 PagesUnique Design of the Vietnam War Memorial At the age of twenty one, a female undergraduate at Yale University named Maya Lin submitted her design for the Vietnam Memorial. Her idea for the memorial was extremely unique and controversial. After long discussions by a panel, it was chosen for construction. The design that she submitted was one that was very different in comparison to other memorials, and it was one that has a tendency to leave a lot of questions on the minds of the visitorsRead More The Solution Essay1494 Words   |  6 Pageson paper. Maya Lin is well known as an architect who has aided in the design of many historical monuments, most notably the Vietnam Memorial. In order to design the different structures and sculptures, she must put a formed thought onto paper. The most extraordinary part about her architecture is the fact that she makes them incomplete--they are hazy images so that we may each finish them in our minds and derive our own meaning. Let me specify what I mean; when Maya Lin sent in her entryRead MoreThe Holocaust Museum : The Importance Of Monuments1079 Words   |  5 Pagesconsider the essential need not to destroy or mar any part of nature that was there previously. Maya Lin, the designer of the Vietnam Memorial in Washington, D.C. (Lin) combined the idea of designing a memorial while still being able to enjoy the nature around. The idea of destroying the park to create something that by its very nature should commemorate life seemed hypocritical, nor was it in my nature (Lin). We can sti ll memorialize people and events through monuments but it doesnt give us the rightRead MoreMaya Lin Vietnam Veterans Memorial Analysis1276 Words   |  6 Pages1. The artist of the memorial, Maya Lin, is an American of Asian descent who is famous for her sculptures and land art. Her most famous work, the Vietnam Memorial, was chosen in a contest, and her designs both mesmerized and angered many people. Since them, works and designs she has created for competitions have been mainly memorials and remembrances based on historical events. Her works are intended to use the natural texture and geology of the space around the monument to its advantage in its creationRead MoreThe Maya Civilization Of The Aztec And The Inca835 Words   |  4 PagesAround 2000 B.C, small farming villages started to appear across Central America (â€Å"Maya Civilization†). This was the start of the Maya civilization. There were other civilizations in the area, like the Aztec, who were in Mexico, and t he Inca, who were in the Peru area of South America. The Maya were a greater civilization than the Aztec or the Inca because their achievements in astronomy, math, language, architecture, and engineering. These achievements in those areas set them apart from the AztecRead MoreThe World Trade Center Memorial1304 Words   |  6 PagesArad’s design stood out the most. I think his design was partially chosen since it was a lot easier to imagine in the plaza then his fellow competitors’ designs. Maya Lin, pushed for Arad’s design. Maya Lin and Arad have similar design concepts being that they both captured the concept of â€Å"Quiet Dignity† in their memorials and Maya Lin recognized that. Peter Walker a landscape architect collaborated with Arad’s designs so the plaza didn t have a barren feel and was more inviting. ‘Arad still getsRead MoreSpecial Speech : The Avengers967 Words   |  4 Pagespossess big circular shields with a star in the middle, or in my case high tech body armor. But they possessed something that empowered them for a lifetime, something that inspired themselves and others; the power to dream. Sandra Day O’Connor, Maya Lin, Jimmy Carter, Mary McLeod Bethune, Cesar Chavez, John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King Jr., and Eleanor Roosevelt each used the power to dream to break barriers and create social change. Everyone in this room has the power to dream, and that is greater

Comparing Female Sexuality in Sylvia Plath’s The Bell Jar...

Comparing Female Sexuality in Sylvia Plath’s The Bell Jar and Alice Munro’s Lives of Girls and Women In Sylvia Plath’s The Bell Jar and Alice Munro’s Lives of Girls and Women, Esther and Del try to take control of their sexuality and their sexual lives. These two female protagonists attempt to gain sexual confidence by quietly rejecting the societal images of women. They are able to seduce men and pilot their own sexual lives. These women are also able to ignore the popular beliefs about marriage and motherhood, thus freeing them from the traditional, restrictive female sexual roles. By rejecting the popular notions of womanhood, sexuality, and marriage, Esther and Del become the mistresses of their sexuality and sexual†¦show more content†¦Hence, she continues to enrol in courses that enhance her thinking. In Lives of Girls and Women, people grow out of reading. As the protagonist Del says, reading â€Å"persisted mostly in unmarried ladies, would have been shameful in a man† (Munro, 117). As in The Bell Jar, women in Lives of Girls and Women who are educated and who are professionals are seen as masculine and immature. Mature and marriageable women learn to use make-up and to flaunt their physical beauty. Del overturns this rule by memorizing poetry and doing well academically. Both Esther and Del feel that academic achievements best define and express their sexuality, though not necessarily enhancing their sexual lives. While the bored, rich girls in The Bell Jar spend most of their time painting their nails and getting a tan, Esther feels out of place among the idle and the fashion-conscious. Her friend Doreen admits that at her college, all the girls â€Å"had pocket-book covers made out of the same material as their dresses†(Plath, 5). The night that Doreen returns d runken from the apartment of a stranger named Lenny, Esther closes her door on her friend but does not have the heart to lock it. Thus, Esther successfully shuts out the false societal values of female sexuality for a while, but acknowledges that her form of sexuality must co-exist with that of Doreen and of other females in her society. Noticing that the Belsize women are

Thesis on Print Media - 16077 Words

PRINT MEDIA IMPACT ON STATE LEGISLATIVE POLICY AGENDAS A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Mass Communication in The Manship School of Mass Communication By Abby Kral B.A., University of South Florida, 1996 May, 2003 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................ iv ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................†¦ v CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE OF RESEARCH..........................1 PURPOSE†¦show more content†¦..............................................................................................................59 APPENDIX B: MEMORANDA TRANSMITTING SURVEY TO LOUISIANA SENATE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦64 VITA ..................................................................................................................................67 iii LIST OF TABLES Table 1: House and Senate Gender.................................................................................28 Table 2: Education Level/Race/Age/Political Affiliation for the House and Senate .....29 Table 3: House and Senate Frequency of Newspaper Reading ......................................30 Table 4: Legislators Time Spent Reading PaperShow MoreRelatedElectronic Media vs Print (Thesis Paper)13276 Words   |  54 PagesElectronic Media VS. Print Where America Gets Its News Table of Contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦3 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.......................†¦4 Premise Statement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Personal Limitation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.......................†¦5 Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Section 1: Birth of Electronic Media and its Popularity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 Radio†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦6 Humble Beginnings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦......6 From Navigation toRead MoreThe Power of Social Media1480 Words   |  6 PagesCritical Analysis of the Power of Social Media Critical Thinking for Foundation Skills for Graduate Management Date submitted: November 29, 2011 Social media is not a new concept to our society, it has been effect from the 1950’s commencing with the phone era but has only recently been mainstreamed into our culture and business world. The late 1960s saw the existence of the internet as a network but the World Wide Web officially developed in 1991. The first social network was recognized inRead MoreIn this book, the author Brian Cogan discusses the most controversial television shows in history,1400 Words   |  6 Pagesthe author Brian Cogan is a college professor. I will use this source to support my thesis that the television show is focused around social issues in America and the use of crude language causes attention and supports freedom of speech which why it is so successful. Holden, Stephen. South Park Bigger Longer Uncut (1999) Film Review; Making a Point with Smut and Laughs. The New York Times. 30 June 1999. Print. In this article the author discusses the South Park movie review where the four childrenRead MoreHow Text Messaging Is Affecting Literacy Essay764 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology is all around us ii. Text messages started very early and involved into now. b. Discuss the opinions professors have on texting i. Some say it is beneficial to the literacy of students ii. Others argue and say it has a negative impact c. Thesis: While it has been commonly assumed that texting has had a significant negative impact on student’s literacy rates, others argue and support the use of texting as it has imprinted a positive impact depending on the situation. 2. Body Paragraph 1:Read MoreSelf-Reflective Paper 838 Words   |  3 Pagesargue about the topic with some of my peers during a visit to UTPB. The things that they had to say helped create a good argument for my paper. The most recent assignment, paper 3, was to identify the role of gender stereotyping in three forms of media. The requirement was to write 3 to 4 pages, I managed to come up with 4 and half, after editing and revising. Writing requires using a number of methods and styles. One of the styles that I admire the most and find easiest to write is argument. ArguingRead MoreThe Decline of Journalism as a Profession914 Words   |  4 Pagesnot the individual journalist. Social media could be reliable, but how would we know? This is equally true then it comes to bias. But the fact of the matter is journalism is more credible and if we lose credibility in the information we get everything could fall for speculation. The authors’ thesis is we should not stand for the decline of journalism as a profession but support our right to have valuable information and help keep traditional media and new media at an all-time high so we as a societyRead MoreSocial Constructionism and the Relationship Between Meaning and Power1181 Words   |  5 Pagesand becomes our subjective reality. These are intensified and disseminated, if not, often times created, by powers of society, such as the media, who create and us e words to forge certain images in peoples minds and to create the realties that they wish to render. The following essay uses a recent advertisement from Singapore Airlines as example of this thesis. Reality is socially constructed. We see the world through a lens. Each culture and society has its own way of perceiving reality and existenceRead MoreRole of Print Media in Conflict Resolution: a Comparative Study of Daily Dawn Jang Newspapers Regarding the Issue of Lal Masjid8489 Words   |  34 PagesRole Of Print Media In Conflict Resolution: A Comparative Study Of Daily Dawn Jang Newspapers Regarding The Issue Of Lal Masjid AEMEN KHALID Session: 2006 to 2008 Supervisor: Dr. Anjum Zia DEPARTMENT OF MASS COMMUNICATION LAHORE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN UNIVERSITY LAHORE 2008 ABSTRACT This research paper investigates â€Å" the role of Daily Dawn and Daily Jang with reference to conflict resolution in case of Lal Masjid†.The study applied a social sciences methodology using content analysis techniqueRead MoreThe Role Of Media Attitudes And Perceptions Of Muslims And Islam1013 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: A. Problem Statement: To analyze and assess the role of media in the shaping of attitudes and perceptions of Muslims and Islam. As well as, identifying how these framings, specifically from Western media, can incite feelings of fear and hatred towards Muslims and Islam. B. Population/ Area of Focus: Young Adults and Adults with access to broadcast and internet media Thesis Statement: Due to limited exposure to Islam and the Muslim lifestyle and a narrow scope of news reporting thereRead MoreEssay American Empire945 Words   |  4 PagesMichael Cox’s thesis as outlined in â€Å"Empire by Denial? Debating US Power†, is chiefly that: the United States of America is an empire, and that current beliefs to the contrary are the result of denialism due to negative connotations associated with the concept of empire, not due to a lack of suitability of that term to describe the current state of American foreign policy. The first issue which Cox raises is that of a lack of understanding of and study into the concept of empire by current research

Hamlet is Not a Coward Essay - 955 Words

Hamlet is Not a Coward The first seven lines of Hamlets soliloquy in the third scene of the third act have been the cause of debate for centuries as to what they reveal about Hamlets character. Some say that he has chickened out of the prime opportunity to obtain the revenge that he has been commissioned to achieve by the ghost of his father. They accuse Hamlet of being a pacifist who hasnt the heart to put his thoughts into action-that he has merely talked himself out of the deed. My interruption of these lines, however, shows that just the opposite is true. The Prince of Denmark is indeed set upon avenging his fathers death, and rather than backing away from the task at hand, he is going forward in away which is intended†¦show more content†¦Thus, in the closing soliloquy of the scene, Hamlet, after having had the ghosts testimony confirmed, proclaims that he is now prepared to drink hot blood and go forth to perform the deed of darkness. So why didnt Hamlet strike the King down when he had the opportunity? Is he a coward? He does not fear following the ghost of his father, which considering the perception of the people of phantoms and demons at this time in history demonstrates great courage. He leaves to England on a ship which is suppose to carry him to his death. He fronts a grieving Laertes who holds him responsible for both the death of his father and his sister. And in the end he shows up to the duel with Laertes, before the court, fully aware that the King intends to kill him. To have struck the king down in this prayer scene would have been the escape for a coward. From his soliloquies, it is evident that Hamlet is a deep thinker which is another reason he delays the Kings death. With each he delves into serious introspection, which awakens his mind to all sorts of discoveries, each of which causes the reader to see Hamlet become more and more isolated from the other characters. As a student at Wittenberg, his mind has become quick and sharp; some claim him to be a typical renaissance man, skilled in both the arts and the sciences. Such training helps him to pick apart the traps that Polonius and the King have set for him. In this case he quickly realizesShow MoreRelated Hamlet Essay1107 Words   |  5 Pages Perhaps the most famous soliloquy in literature, these words reflect the state of desperation in which Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark, finds himself as he contemplates suicide. His father, the King, has died. His mother, the Queen, has remarried within a month of the Kings passing, an act which has disturbed young Hamlet in and of it. To m ake it worse, she has married the Kings brother, Hamlets uncle, who is now the King of Denmark. As Hamlets despair deepens, he learns through the appearanceRead More The Reluctance of Hamlet toward Killing Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesThe Reluctance of Hamlet toward Killing in William Shakespeares Hamlet The reluctant character Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, has become one of the most cited characters in history. Throughout Shakespeares play Hamlet knows what he must do, but avoids it in his mind. The problem is: why does hamlet delay in avenging his fathers death? Hamlet is afraid. He is afraid of failure. Hamlet tries to play off his fear by blaming outside circumstances, like doubting the existence of the ghost whenRead More Hamlets Transformation from Good to Evil in the Play Hamlet by William Shakespeare933 Words   |  4 PagesHamlets Transformation from Good to Evil in the Play Hamlet by William Shakespeare Hamlet’s Transformation from Good to Evil In the play Hamlet by Shakespeare, Hamlet endures exorbitant amount of pain and anger because of his father’s death, his mothers hasty remarriage, and the loss of his only love, Ophelia. The losses that Hamlet has to deal with, the anger and lack of forgiveness that he allows to build within himself, allows Hamlet’s true thoughts and character to be revealed through hisRead MoreMurder and Marriage in William Shakespeares Hamlett1312 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare’s play Hamlet, this is Hamlet’s reality. Hamlet’s uncle, Claudius, killed his father, Old Hamlet, the king of Denmark, and then his mother, Gertrude, and uncle got married approximately two months later. The effects of these morbid events are substantial on the young prince’s psyche. Later, the ghost of Old Hamlet appears to Hamlet and commands him to exact vengeance for what Claudius has done and murder the new king. This makes Ham let desperate for revenge, so intermittently, Hamlet soliloquizesRead More Revenge In Hamlet Essay1109 Words   |  5 Pages Hamlet nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hamlet is a classic example of a tragedy as Hamlet suffers while trying to avenge his fathers death and eventually dies at the end while attempting to do so. Hamlet feels empty without resolution to his fatheramp;#8217;s death and since there is no justice system that is going to reveal the truth about his fatheramp;#8217;s death, he must take it into his own hands. Hamlet delays killing Claudius for a long time after the ghost appears. Hamlet delays hisRead More Sacrifice of Values to Please Authority in Shakespeares Hamlet1052 Words   |  5 PagesSacrifice of Values to Please Authority in Shakespeares Hamlet It seems that it is human nature to want to please others, but compromising ones values in order to do so can result in people getting hurt emotionally or physically. In William Shakespeares Hamlet, the desire to please those in authority overweighs the judgment of many characters. These characters are more interested in pleasing those in power than doing what is in their best interest. This is seen in Polonious eager attemptRead MoreHamlet - Soliloquies Essay1481 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet In Shakespeares Hamlet, the tragic hero reveals his inner conflicts and introspective attitude in each of the lengthy soliloquies in the play. Hamlet is a static character whose thoughts never dramatically change. Each soliloquy delves further into Hamlets motivations, or lack thereof, and psyche. Each soliloquy, each slightly different, is all united by vivid imagery, introspective language, and discussion of Hamlets delay of action. The first soliloquy serves to set the stage for theRead MoreE ssay about Character Analysis in Shakespeare ´s Hamlet859 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout Shakespeares play Hamlet, the main character; Hamlet displays his contemplative side and his sexual deviancy wrapped up in his enigmatic character that makes for a thought provoking play with many interesting twists and turns to keep the reader on their toes. Hamlet’s creative character allows for the viewer and the characters in the play alike to search deeper into the meaning of Hamlet’s words hoping find something more about Hamlet than meets the eye. As for Hamlet’s sexual deviancyRead MoreHamlet, Shakespeares Spectacle Essay990 Words   |  4 Pagesof the tragedy of Hamlet. The most regaling aspects of this play, despite the entertaining and compelling qualities just mentioned, are the revenge and the surprisingly unappealing nature of the main character, Hamlet. Throughout the play, Hamlet makes stupid choices that will ultimately lead to his own death, and the d eath of many around him. Hamlet should not be identified as a courageous hero seeking to avenge his father but instead as a coward lacking determination. Hamlet and revenge are almostRead MoreHarold Bloom Says The Genius Of Shakespeare Is That â€Å"Characters1325 Words   |  6 PagesHarold Bloom says the genius of Shakespeare is that â€Å"Characters develop rather than unfold, and they develop because they reconceive themselves† (The Invention of the Human XVII). Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet, shows the development of Hamlet within the land of Denmark. Hamlet goes through many changes throughout the five acts, but these changes are not entirely due to the events of the play, but rather to Hamlet’s confrontations with himself. He battles with his mind through soliloquys, he overhears

Google And Management Of An Internet Search Engine

Google was formed on September 7, 1998, became a privately held company founded in design and management of an Internet search engine. On May 2012, Google bought Motorola mobile for $12.5 billion dollars. Right after on September 7, 2012, Google said it has also acquired the network security Company VirusTotal. Google is currently recognized as the world s largest search engine, which provides easy-to-use free service (Wikipedia). Google has developed a high standard of employee welfare policies, other than the requirement standard by the State and the Federal Government. Google also have many additional benefits to encourage employee to stay safe and healthy, such program includes free food, on-site laundry, dry cleaning, and change†¦show more content†¦One method to solve to problems is the Employee Assistance Program (EAP), which provides counseling and other help to employees having emotional, physical, or other personal problems (Textbook). â€Å"In Google the consumption of alcohol is not banned at our offices, but uses good judgment and never drink in a way that leads to impaired performance or inappropriate behavior, endangers the safety of others or violates the law. Illegal drugs in our offices or at sponsored events are strictly prohibited (Code of Conduct)†. Google offers an Employee Assistance Program including free short term counseling (glassdoor). â€Å"Google are committed to a violence-free work environment, and we will not tolerate any level of violence or the threat of violence in the workplace. Under no circumstances should anyone bring a weapon to work (Code of Conduct)†. In the competitive business world today, I believe there s always room to improve for a company to invest more for the employees’ wellness program. The only way to keep an employee happy at where they ever work is to have better benefits for health and safety. In Google’s case, they have created Indoor entertainment facilities; Google headquarters in indoor bowling, a total of four bowling alleys can let you play the game. And in Google s dance studio, employees can choose 31 different dance classes, from the African

Incentives Corporate Tax Planning Reporting -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Incentives Corporate Tax Planning Reporting? Answer: Introduction One of the factors that is going to ensure that an entity remains ahead of its competition in the market in pursuance of carrying out the business operation, is that the entity is adapting to the changes taking place in the market be it in terms of new technology or methodology in carrying out the business activities. Research and development activities within the organisation help it to develop and implement new ways or products in its production method or line of products respectively. It ensures that the company maintains a competitive edge over its competitors[1]. The development of new products or technologies by the business entities not only proves to be beneficial for them but also for the entire society as well. For e.g. if automobile industry develops vehicles which run entirely on electricity, it will not only help the companies to earn more revenue but the society will be able to reduce the usage of fossil fuel thereby reducing the carbon footprint and improving the quali ty of environment. Thus, in order to promote research and development activities by the companies the statute gives many tax incentives in respect of expenditure incurred in this behalf. These incentives are being categorised as RD incentives. The document is focussed on discussion about the various tax incentives offered by the statute and the conditions that need to be fulfilled in order to avail them. Definition of RD: The activities conducted under the tag of Research and Development are investigative in nature. They are the efforts made by an enterprise to improve its current products and services or to develop a new kind of product or service that will enable it to deliver better quality or retain its present quality but with improved way of production[2]. It as an endeavour to utilise the present capacity of the organisation or to improve its capacity of delivering products and services. Tax Incentives Provided In case of companies the Research and development concession that have been allowed before 1 July is up to 125% of the allowed expenditures on the research and development. In some cases the up to 175% of the expenditure can be claimed as deduction. The tax offset is provided by Research and development incentive in order to encourage the companies to engage in the research and development activity[3]. The RD concession has two component: In case of certain entities that are eligible for the RD incentive a refundable tax offset of 43.5% are allowed for companies that have turnover less than 20 million. For non-refundable tax offset 38.5% is allowed for all the eligible entities. The RD tax offset have been reduced to 30% and this changes are applicable after 1 July 2004 up to 1 July 2024[4]. Better operating efficiency of the businesses: In pursuance of finding better ways of doing business or improving the quality of the product the company usually finds out for itself some new improved and efficient manner of operating. For e.g. if the company did a research on how to minimise the use of coal in its production line for the generation of power, it will come up with an alternative source of clean and efficient form of energy[5]. This will help it in increasing its operational efficiency of the business as it no longer will have to worry about the carbon foot print it was leaving earlier thereby attracting various sorts of restrictions and stipulations from the government authorities. It will not have to worry about the disposal of the residue left behind by the burnt coal. It will be saving costs as well as will be able to curb the government interference in its business to a significant extent. Improved business performance: While the new and improved way of doing business increases the operating efficiency of the companies, it simultaneously leaves its marks on the financial performance of the companies. The company employing the most efficient factors of business is able to maintain a competitive edge over the competitors along with generating goodwill for the company. The customers get a better quality product and thereby becoming loyal customer of the company[6]. This is reflected in the financial statements of the company in form of growth in revenue. As the company utilises improved way of production it is able to reduce its operating costs thereby further catapulting the financial performance of the company by increasing the profits of the company and creating wealth for the shareholders of the company. Proper maintenance of books and records: This is one more way in which the incentives have been able to increase the accountability of the businesses indirectly. In order to avail the benefits of the tax incentives the companies must endeavour in making and keeping proper records in respect of their expenditures and the returns they got from it. They need to keep the record of both the income and expense related to the scientific research is because of the fact that the statute has put stipulation on the nature of the expenditures that the company is allowed to make in order to avail the tax incentives[7]. At the same the recording of income is very important because of the fact that it has been clearly spelt out by the statute that the expenditure must yield the company some benefits in real terms. Therefore in order to establish the nature of expenditure and that they are abiding by the stipulation out by the law and the authenticity of the returns earned from them the company has to maintain proper and updated records as per the guidelines of the accounting system prevalent in the country. this has ensured that the company present true and correct information in their financial statements and this in turn helps the shareholders in getting a true and fair view of the organisation financial position and performance[8]. Spike in the levels of research activity: The tax incentives have motivated the business entities in engaging themselves in the research activities. This has resulted in the spike in the research oriented activities with the country. The spike not only promotes the scientific culture within the country but also opens several employment opportunities for the students and entrepreneurs who want to pursue research activities as their career choice. The research activities helps in promoting the development of new and improved products as well as ways of carrying out the business activities thereby helping the businesses as well as the society at large. Following the provisions laid down by the tax laws: The benefits of the tax provisions are available to only those companies which maintain full compliance with the tax laws of the statute. There are many conditions and stipulation which are needed to be abided by the companies in order to avail the tax incentives[9]. In pursuance of getting the advantage of tax benefits the companies have understood the importance of abiding by the conditions laid down in the ITAA 1936. Non-compliance with any of the condition can cause the company to lose on the benefits of the tax incentive. With this in mind the companies have started to comply with the provisions both in letter and spirit. Relevant Rules of Taxation The Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 lays down several rulings with respect to the conditions that must be followed to avail the tax incentives. It also specifies the type of expenditures for which the company will be allowed a tax incentive or deduction from its total income. The ruling which specifically deals with the provisions of tax incentives for the research and development activities carried out by the organisation is TR92/2[10]. The ruling provides us with the specific types of expenditures which are allowed to be deducted from the total income under section 73A of Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 to arrive at the taxable income of the company. There is a general ruling given out in the sub section 1 of the section 73A that only such expenditures will be allowed as deduction under this section which are not deductible under any other sections[11]. This avoids the chances of the companies availing double tax benefits for the same expenditures incurred under different sections. T he sub section also makes it clear that any company which has listed itself on any recognised stock exchange is allowed to avail the deductions in respect of the expenditure incurred on scientific and research activities only if such activity has helped it to increase its revenue generating capacity. In other words the expenditure must be incurred for the purpose of business only. The expenditures allowed as deduction from the income of the company to compute its taxable income is as follows: Amount paid by the company to an approved research institute for the purpose of carrying out research activities on its behalf. Payments made by the company to any approved research institute to carry out research in the field to which the business activities of the business belong to. The act has not put any stipulation on the place where the research needs to be conducted by the research institute. In other words, the only thing that is crucial in determining the tax implications of the amount contributed will be whether the research has been undertaken by the institute on behalf of the company or in the field of its operation, it is immaterial whether they are conducted in the companys premises or in the institute itself[12]. It must be noted that the above conditions were related to the amount contributed by the company to any approved research institute. Apart, from these contributions the company can also get exemption with respect to capital expenditure undertaken by it to promote research and development activities in the organisation. There are certain purposes for which if the company incurs any capital expenditures it will not be given any exemption for them. These purposes are given in TR 92/2[13]. They are as follows: Plant and machinery acquired by the company in order to conduct research in its premises. Any expenditure is incurred to acquire land and building or, Addition, alteration or extension is made by the company to the existing land and building. The company must refrain from incurring capital expenditure for the above mentioned purposes as it will not be given any exemption for the same. Barring the above purposes all other capital expenditure made by the company will be allowable as exemption if they are incurred for the purpose of business and business only[14]. In order to improve the understandability of the implication of the expenditure incurred by the company for the purpose of scientific research the TR 92/2 has efficiently divided them into four categories: Amount that is contributed to approved research institute for carrying out scientific research activities on behalf of the company. All sorts of capital expenditures incurred by the company in order to carry out the research activities by the company The amounts spend on acquiring plant so that the same can be utilised in carrying out the research activities. The expenditure in respect of purchasing land and building for the purpose of carrying out research activities Though the classification made by TR 92/2 comprise of four categories, it deals with only the first two i.e. amount contributed to research institutes and the capital expenditure incurred by the company in carrying out the research activities. The deduction discussed above is given to the companies to instil in them the principle of research and development in order to improve the existing products or to bring in new products in the market[15]. However the deductions are made available to the entities only to the extent they are incurred for the purpose of gaining business profits out of them. The companies in order to enjoy the tax incentives given by or laid down by the statute must not violate the very purpose for which they have been given out to them. The government of any country loses significant amount of tax revenue in form of similar tax incentives. The companies must understand that it is their duty to give something in return to the government and the society. The statute gives out incentives so that it can reap the benefits of the new products and the added advantage they bring in with them in the society. In abiding by the conditions and regulations not only does the companies enjoy significant profits in the long run but also the society in which they are conducting their business activities gains a lot. The benefits of the tax incentives or the implication of the incentives laid down in the statute are immense both in the context of business and social welfare. It helps in increasing the profitability, accountability and efficiency of the business entity availing the tax incentives[16]. Conclusion Form the above discussions it can be very confidently concluded that the tax incentives provided by the section 73 A and TR 92/2 to the companies in respect of scientific research activities carried out by them has greatly and positively affected their business. It has significantly motivated them to improve their business performance and operating efficiency by researching and developing improved way of doing business. These kinds of incentives can only bring good to the companies and the society at large. Hence such incentives are a welcome move from the statute. Reference Bartekov, Eva, and Ren Kemp. "National strategies for securing a stable supply of rare earths in different world regions."Resources Policy49 (2016): 153-164. Bsenberg, Simon, and Peter H. Egger. "RD tax incentives and the emergence and trade of ideas."Economic Policy32, no. 89 (2017): 39-80. De Silva, P. N. K., S. J. R. Simons, and P. Stevens. "Economic impact analysis of natural gas development and the policy implications."Energy Policy88 (2016): 639-651. Duncan, Greg J., Katherine Magnuson, and Elizabeth Votruba-Drzal. "Boosting family income to promote child development."The Future of Children24, no. 1 (2014): 99-120. Grubert, Harry, and Rosanne Altshuler. "Shifting the Burden of taxation from the Corporate to the perSonal level and getting the Corporate tax rate down to 15 perCent." (2016). Hilber, Christian AL. "UK Housing and Planning Policies: the evidence from economic research." (2015). Kamal, Sristi, Ma?gorzata Grodzi?ska-Jurczak, and Gregory Brown. "Conservation on private land: a review of global strategies with a proposed classification system."Journal of Environmental Planning and Management58, no. 4 (2015): 576-597. Lardo, Philippe, Christian Khler, and Christian Rammer. "The impact of fiscal incentives for RD."Handbook of Innovation Policy Impact, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham and Northampton(2016): 18-53. Olubunmi, Olanipekun Ayokunle, Paul Bo Xia, and Martin Skitmore. "Green building incentives: A review."Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews59 (2016): 1611-1621. Richardson, Grant, and Grantley Taylor. "Income shifting incentives and tax haven utilization: Evidence from multinational US firms."The International Journal of Accounting50, no. 4 (2015): 458-485. Rode, Julian, Erik Gmez-Baggethun, and Torsten Krause. "Motivation crowding by economic incentives in conservation policy: A review of the empirical evidence."Ecological Economics117 (2015): 270-282. Shen, Liyin, Bei He, Liudan Jiao, Xiangnan Song, and Xiaoling Zhang. "Research on the development of main policy instruments for improving building energy-efficiency."Journal of Cleaner Production112 (2016): 1789-1803. Swank, Duane. "Taxing choices: international competition, domestic institutions and the transformation of corporate tax policy."Journal of European Public Policy23, no. 4 (2016): 571-603. Taylor, Grantley, and Grant Richardson. "Incentives for corporate tax planning and reporting: Empirical evidence from Australia."Journal of Contemporary Accounting Economics10, no. 1 (2014): 1-15. Timilsina, Govinda R., and Kalim U. Shah. "Filling the gaps: Policy supports and interventions for scaling up renewable energy development in Small Island Developing States."Energy Policy98 (2016): 653-662. Zhao, Zhen-Yu, Yu-Long Chen, and Rui-Dong Chang. "How to stimulate renewable energy power generation effectively?China's incentive approaches and lessons."Renewable Energy92 (2016): 147-156.

Counterterrorism Policing Policy-Free-Samples-Myassignementhelp

Question: Write an Assignment on the Counterterrorism Policing Policy of one of the following Countries, describing Its key features and analysing its Performance. Answer: Introduction The report focuses on the development and analysis of the counterterrorism policies of Australia. The terrorist organizations today are developing and adapting to the technology and using it against human kind. The threat has a far-reaching effect on the society and the government needs to device new strategies to counter them. The answer to growing terrorist threat is the counterterrorism policing policies devised by the government against these threats. The counterterrorism police is the department of the police dealing with the terrorist threats from the infiltrated terrorists in the country (nationalsecurity.gov.au 2017). The growth of globalization has brought the world under one umbrella and the world flourishes with improved trade and communication networks. This phenomenon has also brought a drastic change in the terrorism strategies around the world. The counterterrorism strategy of Australia is based on the Counter Terrorist Strategy (CONTEST) of the United Kingdom (UK) and the counterterrorism policies of the United States of America. The CONTEST operates in different levels of the policing and providing support and help to in case of any terrorist activity (Gov.uk 2011). On the contrary, the USA depends on its Homeland Security for countering its terrorism threats across the country (Homeland.house.gov 2016). Australia has a three level policing system and they should be trained to counteract any terrorist activities (www.nationalsecurity.gov.au 2017). The development of threat control strategies are based on the infrastructures planed by the UK and USA. Australia has recently developed strategies to develop counterterrorism policing and there are number of areas of development. Features of Counterterrorism Policies The counterterrorism practices of a country must focus on the internal policies and action plans to be developed for the police to follow for the control. The National Counter Terrorism Plan of Australia focuses on developing strategies against the spread of terrorism with the aim of protecting the citizens and prevents the infiltration of the terrorists in the country (Dst.defence.gov.au 2010). Australia is an island country so it faces a major threat of infiltration by the terrorist forces. The rise the pro-Islamism movement around the world has given rise to Islamic terrorism and it increases its foothold in a number of countries including Australia. The rise of terrorism has different causes, and there are different plans put forward by the Australia Government to mitigate them (Harris-Hogan, Barrelle and Zammit 2016). The radical terrorism has affected the country in a number of ways giving rise to increase in the number of terrorist activities across the country. The attack on the police officer in Melbourne by a 18 year old youth, Numan Haidar who stabbed two police officers before being shot dead (NewsComAu 2017). The most important issue that the Australian government like the world faces is the misleading of youths by the radical Islamic groups. Numan Haiders attack too took place after a fatwa by Islamic State to kill Australians. The rise in the number of terrorist attacks is often due to the improvement in the social media, which has helped the rise of radical Islam (Estes and Sirgy 2014). Terrorist are using communication technologies to woo the Muslim youth into performing extremist actions misguiding them in the name of religious duty. The Lindt caf siege in Sydney is another example of the misguided youth and emotion fuelled terrorism in the country (ABC News 2017). The siege also brought forward the flaw in the police action in such attacks as one of the hostages was killed in the crossfire. The death of the two people in the crossfire shows t he need to develop strategies to counter terrorism attacks. Most of the terrorist attacks are such rage fuelled hate attacks by usual citizens rather than from trained terrorists. The anger against the Western civilization fuelled by the radical Islamic organization is the main cause of the attacks and the threat has to be dealt seriously. The control over the communication technology today is tough thing to do but awareness towards these issues should be conducted to avoid such attacks. Australia faces a major threat being an island country and needs to improve the security of its borders and other transport services to avoid such attacks in future. As seen in the 9/11 case in the USA, London Subway attacks in 2005 and the Madrid train Bombings in 2004 the terrorists are increasingly targeting transport services to target large population and make a global impact. Australia is continuously increasing the security in travel. In tandem with the UKs approach of increasing security of the surface transport, system to decrease its vulnerability to terrorist attacks Australia has devised its own policy to secure the surface transport system. The Surface transport security cooperation helps in increasing preparedness in case of terror attacks guided by the Inter-Governmental Agreement (IGA) (Phillimore and Fenna 2017). The IGA also helps in devising counter terrorism strategies by advising the ministers, co-ordination of nationwide anti-terrorism capabilities, arranging in telligence exchange between a number of agencies, providing fund administration advice to National Counter-Terrorism Committee (NCTC) and maintenance of National Counter-Terrorism Plan (NCTP) (Nationalsecurity.gov.au 2012). Counterterrorism Policies The counterterrorism policing by Australia takes into account the strategies of the UK and USA to device complete efforts for effective counter terrorism. UKs CONTEST strategy is based on four key principles being Pursue, which is an initiative to prevent terrorist attacks, Prevent which prevents people from becoming terrorists, Protect the people from any terrorist attacks and preparation to counter any future attacks (Gov.uk 2011). The USAs Homeland Security takes a much more aggressive approach in making strategies against terrorism which in addition to UKs principles includes plans to cut terrorists financial support and battling the radical ideology (Homeland.house.gov 2016). The Australian strategy too is based on four principles, which include analysis, prevention, response, resilience. Analysis is the investigation of intelligence data by trained personnel to counteract any terrorist activities. Prevention is targeted at protection of the Australian citizens in the country an d abroad taking all the necessary measures needed and stop them from participating in terrorist activities. Response is the process of countering the terrorist threat, which would be target-based response against terrorist activities. Resilience is an ideological approach, which aims at making a strong community in Australia, which is resistant against any violent ideology being used against them (Nationalsecurity.gov.au 2012). The counterterrorism approach of Australia is the mixed approach of UK and the USA approach of countering terrorism in their nations. It focuses on improving communication and intelligence sharing from all the law enforcement departments in the country. The sharing of intelligence will improve in identifying the potential threats to the country and implementation of mitigating measures for the proper policy planning in the country (Dst.defence.gov.au 2010). Australia also emphasizes on the sharing of intelligence between the Commonwealth nations and building an international committee of countries to counter the terrorist activities and improve cooperation among the countries in eliminating threats. The Australian counterterrorism policies are focuses on taking extreme preventive measures to stop any terrorist activities in the country. The strengthening of the borders is an important approach towards the counterterrorism activities, which focuses on decreasing the infiltration in the country. Australia focuses on making the visa biometric based so that any fake visas or people linked with terrorist activities are denied. The biometric data should be crosschecked amongst Australian databases and with other partner countries to find any religious extremism links (Wilson 2014). Crosscheck of databases will also help in understanding the intent of the person and avoid any untoward incident (nationalsecurity.gov.au, 2017). Increment in the Aviation security is another step taken by the government to counter terrorist activities in the country. After the 9/11 terrorist attacks and the North West Airlines flight 253 incident Australia needs to device stringent measures as the terror g roups have shown an affinity towards targeting airlines. The government is focused towards improving scanning and scrutiny technologies in the airports and improved measures to detect newer plastic explosives and devices (Rose 2015). The NCTC targets improvement in planning and strategy devising to mitigate such treats within the country. Critical Infrastructure Protection Program is devised by Australia to protect its important infrastructure from terrorism threats as the modern terrorism is attacking the economy of the target nations too. Critical Infrastructure Protection Modeling and Analysis is devised to forecast the effect of terrorist attack on the economy, infrastructure and the community (Ouyang, M., 2014). The major threat that terrorism poses in the digital era is to the cyber security (Taylor, Fritsch and Liederbach 2014). The government has implemented a Cyber Security Strategy, which uses a large number of recourses to provide cyber security to the government organization, the businesspersons and the local population (Min, Chai and Han 2015). The Australian government has also set up a centre to raise awareness about the social security called the Cyber Security Operations Centre. Australia focuses towards creating international co-operation committees with organizations like APEC and ASEAN (Nationalsecurity.gov.au 2012). To manage Australias international counterterrorism efforts Australia has appointed an Australian Ambassador for Counter-Terrorism. To counter the terrorist threats in the nation, Australia has to enforce the laws so that any terrorist activities should not go unpunished. The terrorism laws should be more of the deterring laws to prevent any terrorist activities in the organization. The Criminal Code Act of 1995 is devised to take action anyone who is involved in terrorist activities be it support, planning or funding to terrorist activities in the country (Hardy 2016). The regular review of the laws to improve them according to the latest terrorism activities help Australia in enforcing laws, which help in taking stringent actions against the terrorists (Pmc.gov.au 2017). The Australian Law empowers the security agencies to take strict actions against the terrorist threats. This includes giving them rights to interrogate and apprehend based on the suspicion of terrorist involvement. The law strictly condones the used of torture or other anti-humanitarian activities and any harm to the suspected person. Surveilla nce and telecommunication laws allow the security agencies to use surveillance an interception of communication to detect and prevent any acts of terrorism (Dst.defence.gov.au 2010). Australia aims to counter violent terrorism by spreading awareness against the religious extremist ideology. Australia is multicultural nation and needs to propagate among its citizens the ideology of communal harmony and mutual cultural respect to counter terrorism (Pmc.gov.au 2017). The radicalization of individuals leading to the rise of terrorism should be countered by decreasing any community targeted hate issues, marginalization and a feeling of exclusion from the community. Australia sees community participation as an important factor for reducing terrorism (Dunn et al. 2016). The awareness of the community can help, as the people themselves will raise voice against any religious extremism rising in the area. Moreover, the people will not be misguided by the hatred spread by the radicals among the community. Australia devices a policy of including marginalized community in the economy and active politics to mitigate the feeling of marginalization leading to the rise of religio us extremism (Pmc.gov.au 2017). Role of Law Enforcement Agencies The Australian Federal Police works in cooperation with local police services to improve counter terrorism abilities. The relationship between the different organizations working against terrorism is institutionalized through Joint Counter-Terrorism Team (JCTT), which has officers from both Australian Security Intelligence Organization (ASIO) and Australian Federal Police (AFP) (Mullins 2016). It also has cooperation with international organizations and different countries around the world in addition to its Afghanistan initiative to decrease the terrorist activities in the country. Australian government has started a Counter-Terrorism Intelligence Training Program (CTITP) to improve the intelligence gathering and sharing capabilities across organizations. Effectiveness of Policies The counterterrorism strategies employed by Australia help in protecting the nation from the terrorist threats. The number of terrorist attacks in Australia is constantly declining and the strategies implemented by the government are responsible for them. The aim of the government in making Australia a terror resistant country is successful considering the fact that there is a decrease in the number of religious extremist crimes in the country. Australia has taken a stance in decreasing the terrorist activities around the world and takes measures by sending soldiers to different terror ridden countries like Afghanistan and Sudan. The Global Terrorism Index Score of Australia, which is 2.742, shows the success of the counterterrorism policies of the country (Economicsandpeace.org 2016). The sharing of intelligence and the proper communication technology between the different law enforcement bodies will help in quick action and proper planning of the counterterrorism activities. The st rengthening of the borders and immigration laws will help in stopping any infiltration, which may lead to terrorist activity (Economicsandpeace.org 2016). Proper implementation of the law and adequate supervision in law allows the law enforcement bodies to take actions to counter any terrorist threats. The awareness among the local population helps in the Australian idea of stopping terrorism with the help of mass partnership from the people. It also helps in stopping the people from the marginalized communities from being misguided to perform terrorist activities. International partnership against terrorism stops the terrorist forces from infiltrating in the country and helps in devising adequate extradition policies (Pmc.gov.au 2017). Issues Faced in Implementing Counterterrorism Policies There are various issues that Australia faces while enforcing these policies in the country. The people of all communities do not always welcome the laws. The scrutiny of the communication system is an extremely important measure to prevent any terrorist activities in the country. This is becoming increasingly difficult as the communication procedures are becoming more and more complicated and the induction of the encryption in the latest communication technologies. Moreover, the government faces criticism over scrutinizing the data of the common population. The control over the border areas and keeping a tab over the people who have entered the country is extremely difficult for a country like Australia due to its location and the vast empty areas in the country. The immigration and visa policies of Australia also face criticism for being strict. The sharing of intelligence requires a state of the art technology and trained employees to handle them. The understanding with the differ ent countries needs many negotiations to come to a proper conclusion and be implemented in a functional way. The ideological approach to build a terrorism resistant community faces many hindrances in the practical approach. The convincing of people to adjust in the multicultural environment is tough, as many communities do not easily accept it (Cherney et al. 2017). Conclusion Therefore, the essay shows the different policies devised by Australia to counter the terrorist activities in the country. Australia takes very adaptive and modern approach counterterrorism activities taking a cue from the CONTEST policy adopted by UK and the USAs approach of countering terrorism based on the Homeland Securitys policies. The Australian approach is a mix of these two approaches, which seeks to not only identify and mitigate terror threats but takes the war to the terrorist themselves by planning and participating in a number of counterterrorist activities around the world. The improvement in the awareness of the people in the country has greatly helped in mitigating the terrorist activities in the country. Australias initiative to have a global alliance against terrorism might prove fatal for the terrorist organizations trying to infiltrate the nation. The counterterrorism strategies of Australia face a number of issues too due to change in its foreign policies and it s strict anti-terrorism stance. The various issues faced by the people due to the policies should be overlooked considering the overall profitability due to the counterterrorism policies of Australia. References Cherney, A., Sweid, R., Grossman, M., Derbas, A., Dunn, K., Jones, C., Hartley, J. and Barton, G., 2017. Local service provision to counter violent extremism: perspectives, capabilities and challenges arising from an Australian service mapping project.Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression, pp.1-20. Dunn, K.M., Atie, R., Kennedy, M., Ali, J.A., OReilly, J. and Rogerson, L., 2016. Can you use community policing for counter terrorism? Evidence from NSW, Australia. Police Practice and Research, 17(3), pp.196-211. Economicsandpeace.org. 2016. Global Terrorism Index 2016. [online] Available at: https://economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Global-Terrorism-Index-2016.2.pdf [Accessed 15 Nov. 2017]. Estes, R.J. and Sirgy, M.J., 2014. Radical Islamic militancy and acts of terrorism: A quality-of-life analysis. Social Indicators Research, 117(2), pp.615-652. Gov.uk. 2011. CONTEST: The United Kingdoms Strategy for Countering Terrorism. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/97994/contest-summary.pdf [Accessed 15 Nov. 2017]. Hardy, K., 2016. 5 Violent extremism online and the criminal trial.Violent Extremism Online: New Perspectives on Terrorism and the Internet, p.87. Harris-Hogan, S., Barrelle, K. and Zammit, A., 2016. What is countering violent extremism? Exploring CVE policy and practice in Australia.Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression,8(1), pp.6-24. Homeland.house.gov. 2016. A National Strategy To Win war Against Terrorism. [online] Available at: https://homeland.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/A-National-Strategy-to-Win-the-War.pdf [Accessed 15 Nov. 2017]. Min, K.S., Chai, S.W. and Han, M., 2015. An international comparative study on cyber security strategy.International Journal of Security and Its Applications,9(2), pp.13-20. Mullins, S., 2016. Counter-terrorism in Australia: practitioner perspectives.Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism,11(1), pp.93-111. Nationalsecurity.gov.au. 2012. NATIONAL COUNTER-TERRORISM PLAN. [online] Available at: https://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/Media-and-publications/Publications/Documents/national-counter-terrorism-plan-2012.pdf [Accessed 15 Nov. 2017]. NewsComAu. 2017. Within 60 seconds of meeting Numan Haider police knew theyd have to shoot him, court hears. [online] Available at: https://www.news.com.au/national/victoria/courts-law/melbourne-police-officer-had-no-choice-but-to-kill-numan-haider-coroner-finds/news-story/23c7f37ff0ba97b662226cde1b7bdc1b [Accessed 14 Nov. 2017]. Ouyang, M., 2014. Review on modeling and simulation of interdependent critical infrastructure systems.Reliability engineering System safety,121, pp.43-60. Phillimore, J. and Fenna, A., 2017. Intergovernmental councils and centralization in Australian federalism.Regional Federal Studies, pp.1-25. Pmc.gov.au. 2017. Review of Australia's Counter-Terrorism Machinery. [online] Available at: https://www.pmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/publications/190215_CT_Review_0.pdf [Accessed 15 Nov. 2017]. Rose, A., 2015. Macroeconomic consequences of terrorist attacks: estimation for the analysis of policies and rules.BenefitCost Analyses for Security Policies, edited by: Mansfield, C. and Smith, V., Edward Elgar (EE), pp.172-200. Taylor, R.W., Fritsch, E.J. and Liederbach, J., 2014.Digital crime and digital terrorism. Prentice Hall Press. Wilson, D., 2014. Biometrics and Border Control Policing. InEncyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice(pp. 179-188). Springer New York. www.nationalsecurity.gov.au. 2017. Australia's Counter-Terrorism Strategy. [online] Available at: https://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/Media-and-publications/Publications/Documents/Australias-Counter-Terrorism-Strategy-2015.pdf [Accessed 15 Nov. 2017]. Hocking, J., 2003. Counter?Terrorism and the Criminalisation of Politics: Australia's New Security Powers of Detention, Proscription and Control. Australian Journal of Politics History, 49(3), pp.355-371. Chau, A., 2008. Security Community and Southeast Asia: Australia, the US, and ASEAN9s Counter-Terror Strategy.Asian Survey,48(4), pp.626-649. Spalek, B. and Imtoual, A., 2007. Muslim communities and counter-terror responses:Hard approaches to community engagement in the UK and Australia.Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs,27(2), pp.185-202. Roach, K., 2011.The 9/11 effect: Comparative counter-terrorism. Cambridge University Press. Pickering, S., McCulloch, J. and Wright-Neville, D., 2008. Counter-terrorism policing: towards social cohesion.Crime, law and social change,50(1-2), pp.91-109. Rosand, E., Millar, A., Ipe, J. and Healey, M., 2008. The UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy and regional and subregional bodies: Strengthening a critical partnership.Center on Global Counterterrorism Cooperation paper. Pickering, S., McCulloch, J. and Wright-Neville, D., 2008.Counter-terrorism policing: Community, cohesion and security. Springer Science Business Media. Chalk, P. and Ungerer, C.J., 2008. Neighbourhood watch: The evolving terrorist threat in Southeast Asia.